Apple Daily promotes Civic journalism

Habermas’s public sphere is useful to explain the dynamic relationship between Apple Daily and its readers as the theory conceptualise civic journalism’s goal of creating a public space where citizens can debate on public issues in a much informal ways. The Apple Daily had facilitated a democratic participatory of the public sphere it had created in the media and these civic journalism movements were echoed through the two asymmetry way of communications between the public and media publication. To make such democratic public discourse a reality, all of the large-scale institutions within society have to become more democratic, piece by piece. In the case of the media, more democratic structure was needed to increase public access and counteract the concentration of ownership and the growth of media conglomerates. (Calhoun, 1993). This kind of national and international media models that incorporates media literacy requires “radical media activism”(Downing, 2000). This definitely improves the journalism by promoting alternative opinions of both the print and broadcast medias for democratic discourse. The main point is that the public are educated individuals, listeners and spectators, and they can benefit themselves through the market of the objects and topics that were subject to discussions. Therefore, media must be open to mass participation by the public to encourage civic journalism media reform movements. Thus, citizen issues were made topical and took on shape trough the rise of modern state.